UPDATE 1 — Iran and Russia are stepping up hybrid campaigns in Britain, UK spy chief says

Iran seeking to target military sites, UK spy chief says Russia is still aggressor number one, MI5 boss says AI bioweapons risk a real concern Iran and Russia reject accusations of malign activity in Britain (Adds Iran details in paragraphs 9-12, AI in 17-19) By Michael Holden LONDON, Oct 13 (Reuters) — Iran is stepping up attempts to hit harder targets such as military sites in Britain and Russia is increasing its hybrid warfare against Ukraine's allies, the UK's domestic spy chief said on Tuesday.

In his annual speech on wide-ranging threats to Britain, MI5 Director General Ken McCallum also said the greatest concern about the misuse of AI was terrorists being able to develop bioweapons or even create new pathogens. McCallum said state threats had quadrupled over the last decade, and his organisation now devoted more resources to the issue than during the Cold War. On Monday, British Prime Minister Andy Burnham said Tehran was "highly likely" behind a suspected plot against RAF Fairford, an airbase used by US bombers to carry out strikes on Iran. It prompted a security alert and led to US President Trump withdrawing planes from the air base.

Tehran has rejected accusations of involvement in the Fairford incident or any other accusations of malign activity in Britain where the authorities have for a number of years accused it of being involved in plots and attempted assassinations against dissidents and Israeli and Jewish targets. Russia also denies involvement in hostile acts in Britain and other Western countries, but McCallum said it remained the "aggressor number one".

More Than 50 Arrests Linked To Iran, Mccallum Says McCallum said he could not speak about the Fairford incident because of an ongoing investigation, but he said there had been a major shift this year in "Iranian ambitions to come at harder targets, like military sites". "The RAF Fairford incident... is not unique. There have been other examples, not just in the UK but around the world," he said.

McCallum said over the past year Iran-linked operations had led to more than 50 arrests. Asked if Iran had the capability to launch complex attacks perhaps using explosive drones, McCallum said it was limited by the sophistication of the criminals and proxies it used for operations in Britain. "Given what we've actually seen in practice in the UK in recent years, that has not been anywhere near (that) level of capability," he said.

" Ai 'Supercharging' Threat McCallum echoed comments from other European spy agencies that Russia was using tactics just short of conventional conflict, citing the attempted drone ​attack on a cargo plane at a German airport and a cyber attack on Polish energy infrastructure. " Russia has rejected Germany's accusations over the incident at Leipzig/Halle Airport in August as "entirely fabricated". Speaking about AI, McCallum said the technology was "supercharging the cybersecurity contest between attackers and defenders" and terrorists were exploiting it to improve reconnaissance and attack methodologies.

"Not yet realised — the misuse case to which I'd attach greatest weight — is AI's potential to change the stakes on existing or even new bioweapons," he said, adding it was the area on which he and his colleagues were "particularly focused". com;)